Why right to quality is important

Article 14 includes two phrases

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The Dicey Rule and some exceptions to the rule

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Absence of arbitrary authority or supremacy of the law

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Equality before the law

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Individual liberty is lacking in many constitutions

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The Exception to the Rule of Law

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Members of society who are categorical representatives are governed by unique rules in their fields, such as police officers, lawyers, members of the military services, doctors, and nurses.,...learn more

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Classification is permissible under Article 14 but class legislation is prohibited

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Reasonable Classification Test

[{"selector":"#anim-235c4aee-f6ea-44d8-ac9d-52c75de5676a","keyframes":[{"offset":0,"transform":"translate3d(0, -383.82561%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.29,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.45,"transform":"translate3d(0, -107.931761532%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.61,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.71,"transform":"translate3d(0, -36.693728316%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.8,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.85,"transform":"translate3d(0, -13.779339399%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.92,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.96,"transform":"translate3d(0, -5.987679515999999%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":1,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"}],"delay":0,"duration":1600,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4ebebed4-f933-49a5-9d40-f1e99cfa2634","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88312%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8ae8c2b2-67a4-4709-be4d-49308b3c99d1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7d3deb7b-7891-4c0a-84ea-6327de19ae72","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ae388b6e-c1b2-4782-8505-206dc88f38ca [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(31.249999886225726%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] In order to attain certain goals, Article 14 prohibits class legislation but does not restrict lawmakers from the classification of. ..learn more Learn more

For classification to be meaningful, following two requirements must be met

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Let's discuss some cases related to Article 14

[{"selector":"#anim-e657978b-9961-4e80-8380-9f77a435da0d [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(25.426136208499422%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6ed9024d-7017-4fc4-a4f5-0a75f51cb6ba","keyframes":[{"offset":0,"transform":"translate3d(0, -278.05102%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.29,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.45,"transform":"translate3d(0, -78.187946824%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.61,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.71,"transform":"translate3d(0, -26.581677512000002%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.8,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.85,"transform":"translate3d(0, -9.982031618%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.92,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.96,"transform":"translate3d(0, -4.337595911999999%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":1,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"}],"delay":0,"duration":1600,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6caca66f-946d-43e2-a671-852e0ff580ec","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(121.03448%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-75083dfa-a7e7-4043-a70f-cb226b5fda7a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b1f58906-1cc0-45a8-93df-da95e03d0645","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c02907d9-e38e-431a-9e20-cc621062be09","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88312%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-872f947e-e705-40d1-8e5e-515900aec38f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-64009300-c196-47bf-93a2-7884d85378da","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] The government announced a liberalized pension program for former government employees in an office memo, although it only applied to those who retired after ...learn more Learn more

2. Madhu limaye vs. supdt. Tihar jail Delhi (AIR-1975)

[{"selector":"#anim-f060867f-934e-489f-8932-054452ef3eeb [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(4.4034087864630065%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-22d82a80-365f-47ca-810e-5ec3d78897fa","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(121.03448%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-64e08fa8-1ec9-43fc-aa94-8c7330676c5e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9b4d03b9-c122-4373-890d-7195af6bb1e1","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1e4a86f5-602d-4f8c-aed1-2a3346fbab32","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88312%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-812b4170-d953-49e3-8da8-b69aedb511d2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fe0d9812-6aeb-46bf-8e22-beb6620f725a","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] Both were given different treatments. Europeans have a healthier diet. The court ruled that inequities in treatment and diet between ...learn more Learn more

3. Royappa vs. State of Tamil Nadu 1974 SC

[{"selector":"#anim-98e29135-705b-48ed-b2c7-4bbbed865a08 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(7.812499744007886%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-954527ce-ea80-4201-a8ae-850cfce06ec9","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(121.03448%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-346b6190-7684-49ef-9a39-0e0880c9a8ff","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-83f26557-3657-46f3-93ce-3c6fb302e768","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7f9dfc09-f724-42de-9fdb-3641aae42c05","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88312%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a4dfd013-638e-4556-a40f-8cece087307d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f9c36e26-64ac-418b-ab27-78f07f308228","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] In this scenario, a new doctrine of equality has been suggested and is still being followed. If any action is arbitrary, we must ...learn more Learn more

4. Chirajit lal vs. union of India

[{"selector":"#anim-61e47c8d-9bb0-41e4-ab86-b8f013e9e5bf [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(15.353158476151876%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-12127c26-2b28-46df-a901-034eb35cce18","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(121.03448%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9b97d3d0-49ec-4a96-b1c8-a1bebf32f739","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e9460062-4a1a-4494-aab0-620606220b2c","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5cfb359a-705f-437e-964f-ff9c6da641a0","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88312%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6f058dc1-7b48-4336-b0f8-f86c887310c1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d42170a3-ea21-4f5e-8d82-e421335c4712","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] In this case, the Supreme Court concluded that classification might be fair even if a single individual is considered as a class if there are some unique conditions or reasons that apply to him but not to others. ...learn more Learn more

Conclusion of the Right to Equality in Indian Constitution

[{"selector":"#anim-86ab2ded-62cf-4a4d-9e2d-d2be7996647c [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(7.812499744007886%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a56ca4ea-536a-49e1-8a4a-00c3003dcb5f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(121.03448%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1331b035-cf73-40f8-9186-80ed3af6abe0","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-239b808e-d2ed-4d54-a505-cee56037719d","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7e02f713-6288-48d9-832c-4659d9787047","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88312%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4fa5d35d-ac8a-400b-9cb1-b1c18c782e41","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0f0d223f-bc9c-4d33-8f0a-2b5ffd144d0a","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] In India's constitution, there is a right to equality. Article 14 prohibits discrimination by legislation, which is defined as treating people with comparable circumstances differently and. ...learn more Learn more